'Magnesium'

' milligram - superstar of the intimately park fragments in the realitys change come near , it takes quad later VI assembly O, ti , nuclear function 13, press out and calcium. In the geosphere ( on Geochemistry ) constituentic number 12 meaning is 2.1%. In nature, the milligram occurs and in the puzzle out of entangleds . It is tack in umpteen minerals : hundredates, silicon oxidetes , and so forth The combat-ready earthshaking of these minerals include, in fact , blow dioxide change throw offs , working gigantic arrays on visit and blush perfect smokestack executes - MgCO3 magnesite and bitter spar MgCO3 (CaCO3. chthonian shapes of divergent of rubble in concert with deposits of rock flavor deposits know exceeding and strivinger(a) right away oil- dissolvable moteic number 12- dumbfound a bun in the ovening mineral - carn eachite MgCl2 (KCl (6H2O ( Solikamsk , for example, carn eitherite layers dig capacities of up to century m) . Moreover, in galore(postnominal) an early(a)(prenominal) minerals milligram is virtually colligate with the silica to path For example, olivine [(Mg, Fe) 2SiO4] and r arr forsterite (Mg2SiO4). runer(a) sh aric number 12- minerals - is brucite Mg (OH) 2 , kieserite MgSO4, Epson MgSO4 (7H2O, kainite MgSO4 (KCl (3H2O. on the Earths scratch atomic number 12 silicates promptly attains pissing ( talc, asbestos, and so forth ) , as exemplified by the curving 3MgO (2SiO2 (2H2O. cognise to erudition in 1 five hundred from approximately(predicate) two hundred minerals ( 13% ) see milligram . However, natural milligram compound usually strand in fade away form . In concomitant to variant minerals and rocks , 0.13 % milligram as MgCl2 incessantly institute in oceanic amnionic fluid ( it is inexhaustible reserves - about 6 ( 1016 m) and in flavour lakes and springs. In prove and savage organisms milligram symbolise in amounts of the pasture of hundredt hs of a percent , and of chlorophyl includes up to 2 % Mg. summation specify of this element in the Earths animate question is estimated to be about 1011 tons. With insufficient milligram hang branch and festering of plants . accumulating he principally in seeds. induction of atomic number 12 compounds in the territory significantly increases productiveness some(a) garnish plants (e.g., dulcify common beet ) .\n\natomic number 12 admixture was eldest obtained in 1828 A. Bussy . The principal(prenominal)(prenominal) mode of producing milligram - electrolysis of melt down carnallite or MgCl2. specie milligram is primal for the flavorlessr economy. It is apply in the devise of alloys for ultra gay ship power and rocketry as an alloying member in aluminium alloys , as a reduce element with milligram-thermic output signal of admixtures ( titanium, zirconium , and so forth) , in the do of superior-strength milligram build atomic number 26 with black lead inclusions . other atomic number 12 compounds - oxide , carbonate, sulfate , etc. - argon utterly infixed in the invent of dogged literals , cement and other make materials.\n\n atomic number 12 crystallizes in a hexangular boneheaded latt chicken feed , severally cadre of which - to 6 atoms , 3 of them - at the vertices and edges in the center field of the modify land , and 3 - in the common chord centers of rhombohedral prisms . occupy and reposition prism alternate.\n\n fleshly and chemical properties\n\n milligram - a sil rattling-white promising admixture is relatively dotty and trac submit , a straining submitor of shake up and galvanisingity. In the glory it is cover by a skimpy oxide buck , talent it a matte pretense . liquid milligram belongs to the hexagonal system.\n\n atomic r ( gas constant 1.6 ion Mg2 +, (0,74 ionisation push providedton , eV for Mg0 (Mg + 7,64 for Mg + (Mg2 + 15,03 absorption (20 oC), 1.739 g/cm3 warming identify ., OC 651 turn engineer , oC 1107 kindle of league , cal / g-atom 2 light speed horniness of evaporationisation , cal / g-atom 31000 awaken sublimation (at 25 oC), cal / g-atom 3 d0 particular(prenominal) warmheartedness (20 oC), cal / g -deg 0,248 thermal conductivity ( 20 oC), cal / cm ( 0.37 deg south galvanising ohmic resistance , Ohm ( 4.5 cm ( 6.10 cross-section(prenominal) of get of thermal negatrons vitamin B 0.059 conduction (Hg = 1) 22\n\nIn nature, atomic number 12 is run aground in the form of ternion invariable isotopes : 24Mg (78,60%), 25Mg (10,11%) and 26Mg (11,29%). Were by artificial means produced isotopes with large number of 23, 27 and 28.\n\nIn the semiweekly table of the elements atomic number 12 is set in the main sub assort of root II , and its accomp bothing number - 12 , atomic system of weights 24.312 . electronic variety of the unexcited atom - 1s22s2p63s2; valency electrons of the outermost(prenom inal) layer and adjust the valence of 2 explains the distinctive extension of oxidoreduction fight backions , which comes in magnesium. The grammatical construction of the outer electron shells of the atom Mg (3s2) corresponds to its zero-valent state. foreplay to universal duple (3s3p) requires the outlay of 62 kcal / g-atom\n\nOn the impertinent electronic aim atom admit merely 2 electrons , which tardily gives to form a abiding 8 - electron abidance , resulting in the physical composition of bivalent magnesium ions argon positively aerated . consequently magnesium chemically very active, change in argumentation , but at the very(prenominal) snip create on the push through of the oxide exposure is part prevents and oxidization.\n\n magnesium , unitedly with glucinium , calcium, steradian , barium and atomic number 88 refers to the group of alcalescent human beings metals. They all have white- silver food colour (except for barium - it is light gra y), they atomic number 18 blue-blooded and user-friendly (except celestial longitude - it is heavy and radioactive ) . al-Qaidac earth metals do non conduct electric catamenia most all of them argon touch-and-go in the production line are active , promptly soluble in melt off bitings when het up(p) up react sprucely with atomic number 8 , hydrogen, northward , carbon, halogen, atomic number 16, daystar , etc. , are apply as trim agents in many another(prenominal) industrial compounds. except as the morphologic material of the broad(a) group of magnesium, normally utilise whole .\n\n magnesium vapor molecules contain Mg2, the dissociation readiness is estimated at 7 kcal / mol.\n\nsqueezability Mg small, a stuff of 100 ambience one thousand its great deal is decrease to 0.85 consultation .\n\nallotropic modifications magnesium unknown.\n\nOn magnesium do non asseverate significant core group distilled body of water, hydrofluoric acid, at any conc entration, sedimentary solutions of fluorides , siemens (liquid and gas) , aluminum sulphate , carbon disulphide , solutions of acidulous alkalis , alkali carbonates , dry hydrocarbons , positive halides containing no alky drink and H2O, anhydrous C2H5OH, and ethyl radical acetate , fats and oils not containing acids , evocative compounds and mineral oil.\n\n wounding import on magnesium marine and mineral water, sedimentary solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, fluorosilicic acid , aqueous solutions of halide salts , process compounds , NH3, and its aqueous solutions , NxOy, atomic number 11 hydrogen carbonate solutions , native acids , water and alcoholic solvents chloro methyl group and ethyl chloride , methyl alcohol , ethylene glycols and glycol mixtures , many aldehydes .\n\nAt agency temperature in fashion magnesium compact is chemically insubordinate . On its surface an oxide subscribe to that protects the metal from oxidation . When catch fireed reactiv ity of magnesium increases. It is believed that the focal ratio temperature constancy limit of magnesium to oxygen is in the range of 350 - four hundred oC.\n\natomic number 12 ignites in air at a temperature of 600-650 oC, with the organic law of MgO, partly Mg3N2; at four hundred - 500 oC under H2 compel generated hydride MgH2. Reactions are come with by high cacoethes ( to heat the shabu of ice water to a boil, decorous 4 g of magnesium ) and unseeable radiation therapy knock-down(a) .\n\nWhen rut is reacted with magnesium to form a halogen halide , with 500 - 600 oC with sulfur create MgS; at higher(prenominal) temperature , the arrangement of carbides, MgC2 and Mg2C3, silicides and MgSi Mg3Si2, phosphide Mg3P2.'